Up until the mid-1980’s, exterior concrete driveways and patios were mainly grey slabs with a plain stipple or broom finish. Come the mid 80’s the ready-mix concrete industry in Australia began to offer concrete with a wide range of colours and textures ( ex. Exposed Aggregate Concrete). Of these, the most popular has been patterned paving such as exposed aggregate concrete.
This blog post will dive deep into the features, benefits, installation methods, design ideas, and maintenance tips for exposed aggregate concrete, while also addressing common questions and concerns surrounding its use.
What is Exposed Aggregate Concrete?
Exposed aggregate concrete is a type of decorative concrete that’s made by removing the top layer of cement to expose the surface beneath. This surface is created by embedding stones, pebbles, or other materials into the concrete. Once the concrete sets, the top layer is removed, leaving the aggregate materials exposed, giving the surface its distinctive look.
ASP Unique Paving offers more finishes such as slate impression concrete, stencilled concrete, colour concrete.
The finish of exposed aggregate concrete is slip resistant, durable and decorative.
Exposed aggregate can be used with two or more colour combinations on your driveway or patio, or incorporated as a border for your paving area. The colour and texture of the finished surface of exposed aggregate concrete will depend on the colour, shape and size of the stones.
The standard stone size is 7 mm-15 mm. The concrete mix should be at least 25 and 32 mpa for polished concrete, and a maximum slump of 80. The 32 mpa will give you a higher cement content and the lower slump will prevent segregation, honeycombing and flow lines.
Exposed Aggregate Concrete is a style of concrete used Australia wide mainly for driveways but can be used for sidewalks, patios and swimming pool areas as well.
ASP Unique Paving is a leading constructor In South Eastern suburbs of Melbourne
The unique appeal of exposed aggregate concrete is in its finish – exposing the small stones (pebbles) that are part of concrete mixture. This creates random patterns and a variety of colours.
Exposed aggregate concrete driveways are a type of driveway where the concrete finish is a little different from your traditional, plain concrete driveways.
Exposed aggregate concrete is pre-mixed with the pebbles already in it. Once the concrete has been poured and allowed to settle, the concreters need to skilfully remove the upper layer from the top to reveal the stones. The pebbles (called aggregates, hence the name exposed aggregate concrete) are of varying sizes and colours to create a natural effect and give the driveway special depth of colour and texture.
Building a driveway with exposed aggregate concrete is a skilled job, especially if the desired finish is to be achieved and future cracks avoided. We strongly recommend using an experienced professional for all work with exposed aggregate concrete.
All works carried out by ASP Unique Paving meets Australian building standards regulations. We only use the best quality Australia made products. Our Exposed aggregate concrete driveways are designed to withstand heavy traffic and extreme Australian weather conditions.
Our exposed aggregate concrete driveways are exceptionally long-lasting. Additional advantages of exposed aggregate concrete include slip resistance and good look that will improve the value of your home significantly.
Exposed aggregate concrete is a popular and aesthetically pleasing surface that’s commonly used in Melbourne lately. If you decide that exposed aggregate concrete driveway or patio is what you need, ASP Unique Paving will build it for you using the best quality materials and the best workmanship.
Exposed aggregate concrete has been used for centuries, with ancient structures incorporating this method for added durability and beauty.
Today, it remains a popular choice for its visual appeal and practicality.
Why choose exposed aggregate concrete?
1. Aesthetic appeal
One of the main reasons people choose exposed aggregate concrete is its visual impact. The textures and colours available from natural stones and pebbles give a wide range of design possibilities. This surface can complement any style, whether you’re aiming for a modern, rustic, or natural look.
2. Durability and strength
Exposed aggregate concrete is not just about looks – it’s incredibly strong. Its surface is resistant to heavy traffic, making it ideal for driveways, sidewalks, and other high-traffic areas. The embedded stones also add extra resistance to wear and tear.
3. Low maintenance
Compared to other decorative surfaces, exposed aggregate concrete is low maintenance. Once sealed, it resists stains, cracks, and weather damage, meaning you won’t need to spend a lot of time or money keeping it looking great. You don’t need a specialist to keep it in good and clean condition. Washing it every now and then will make it looking like new.
4. Slip-resistant
The texture created by the exposed aggregate makes it naturally slip-resistant. This is especially important where safety is a priority.
5. Versatile design options
The variety of aggregate materials available means you can customize the colour, texture, and overall appearance of your concrete surface. Whether you want a more polished or rough look, you can choose from a wide range of stone sizes and colours to match your aesthetic.
Materials used in exposed aggregate concrete
The materials used in exposed aggregate concrete are key to its appearance and durability. That’s why ASP Unique Paving choose the best suppliers of Exposed Aggregate mixture.
These materials include:
1. Aggregates
Aggregates are the stones, pebbles, or sand that are embedded in the concrete surface. They come in various sizes, shapes, and colours, depending on the look you want to achieve. Popular choices include:
- River Stones: Smooth, rounded stones that provide a natural look.
- Crushed Gravel: Offers a more rugged appearance with sharper edges.
- Glass Beads: Used for a more contemporary look, with a touch of sparkle.
- Recycled Materials: Environmentally conscious choices like recycled glass or crushed brick can be used for a sustainable approach.
2. Cement
The cement is the binding agent that holds the aggregate in place. It can be coloured or left in its natural state, depending on the desired aesthetic. The quality of the cement is crucial for ensuring the longevity of the surface.
3. Sealants
Sealants are applied after the aggregate is exposed to protect the surface from water damage, stains, and wear. A high-quality sealant can enhance the colour of the aggregate and prolong the life of the surface.
Methods of installation
There are several methods for creating an exposed aggregate finish. The two most common methods are the standard surface removal technique and the seeding method. Each method has its own advantages depending on the desired look and the specific project.
1. Standard Method (Monolithic Pour)
In the standard method, the aggregate is mixed into the concrete itself. After the concrete is poured and partially set, the top layer is removed by washing or brushing away the surface cement. This exposes the stones and gives the surface its characteristic texture. We, ASP Unique Paving mainly use this method.
Steps for the Standard Method:
- Step 1: Pour the concrete with the pre-mixed aggregate.
- Step 2: Allow the concrete to set for several hours until it reaches the right consistency (firm but not fully hardened).
- Step 3: Use a pressure washer or stiff brush to carefully remove the top layer of cement, revealing the aggregate.
- Step 4: After washing, allow the concrete to fully cure for a few days.
- Step 5: Apply a sealant to protect the surface and enhance its colour.
2. Seeding Method
The seeding method involves spreading aggregate over the surface of freshly poured concrete. The aggregate is pressed into the surface, and the top layer of cement is removed after it has partially set. This method is often used when a specific type of aggregate is desired but not mixed into the concrete itself.
Steps for the Seeding Method:
- Step 1: Pour a smooth layer of concrete without aggregate.
- Step 2: Evenly distribute the desired aggregate across the surface while the concrete is still wet.
- Step 3: Press the aggregate into the surface using a float or roller.
- Step 4: Allow the concrete to set until it reaches the correct consistency.
- Step 5: Remove the top layer of cement using a pressure washer or brush.
- Step 6: Let the surface fully cure, then apply a sealant.
3. Surface Retarder Method
A surface retarder can be applied to the top layer of concrete before it hardens to slow the curing process. This allows for easier removal of the top layer, as it softens the cement without affecting the aggregate beneath. Once the retarder is applied, the surface is washed or brushed to expose the aggregate.
Design ideas for exposed aggregate concrete
The versatility of exposed aggregate concrete allows for a variety of design options. Here are some popular design ideas:
1. Contrasting borders
One popular design choice is to use contrasting aggregates or other materials for the borders of a driveway or walkway. This creates a visual frame around the main surface, adding a striking design element.
2. Mixing aggregate types
Mixing different types of aggregates can create a unique look. For example, combining smooth river stones with jagged crushed gravel creates an interesting contrast in texture. You can also mix different coloured aggregates to create patterns or gradients.
3. Stamped concrete with exposed aggregate
Incorporating stamped concrete into an exposed aggregate surface can result in a visually interesting combination of textures. The stamped areas can mimic the look of brick, slate, or other materials, while the exposed aggregate adds texture and contrast.
4. Geometric patterns
Exposed aggregate concrete can be used to create geometric designs, such as circles, squares, or other shapes. This can be achieved by using different aggregates or coloring the concrete around specific shapes.
5. Using stencils for custom designs
Stencils can be applied to exposed aggregate surfaces to create custom designs. These stencils are removed after the aggregate is exposed, leaving behind intricate patterns.
Maintenance and care of exposed aggregate concrete
While exposed aggregate concrete is low maintenance, regular care is necessary to keep it looking its best and prolong its life.
1. Sealing
Sealing the concrete surface is the most important part of maintaining exposed aggregate. A good sealant will protect against water, stains, and weather damage. Reapplying the sealant every two to three years will help preserve the surface and keep it looking fresh.
2. Cleaning
Cleaning exposed aggregate concrete is simple. Regular sweeping and occasional washing with a garden hose or pressure washer will remove dirt and debris. Avoid using harsh chemicals, as they can damage the sealant.
3. Repairs
Though exposed aggregate is durable, cracks can still occur, especially in climates with freeze-thaw cycles. Small cracks can be repaired with concrete fillers, while larger areas may require patching or resurfacing.
4. Winter care
If you live in a cold climate, it’s important to avoid using de-icing salts on exposed aggregate surfaces, as they can damage both the aggregate and the concrete beneath. Instead, use sand or gravel to add traction during icy conditions.
Common questions about exposed aggregate concrete
1. How long does exposed aggregate concrete last?
With proper care, exposed aggregate concrete can last 30 years or more. The longevity of the surface depends on factors like the quality of materials used, the installation process, and regular maintenance.
2. Can exposed aggregate be repaired?
Yes, exposed aggregate surfaces can be repaired. Small cracks can be filled with concrete filler, while more significant damage may require patching or resurfacing.
3. Is exposed aggregate expensive?
Exposed aggregate is generally more affordable than other decorative concrete options, but the cost can vary based on the materials used and the complexity of the design. On average, you can expect to pay between $100 and $150 per square meter.
4. Can exposed aggregate be used indoors?
While it’s more commonly used outdoors, exposed aggregate can be used indoors for a unique flooring option. However, because of its rough texture, it’s not ideal for spaces where smooth surfaces are preferred.
5. How is exposed aggregate different from stamped concrete?
While both exposed aggregate and stamped concrete are decorative finishes, they offer different aesthetics. Exposed aggregate reveals the natural stones or pebbles while stamped concrete gives you any pattern you can think off without texture of Exposed Aggregate Concrete.
If you need more info about Exposed Aggregate technology, give us a call or contact via e-mail using Contact Us form.
